Return to the Holy Spawn your cursed by nature, that has not stopped a single moment of birth and yet, continues Nonato! March on so he would not let you live or Trap and I always keep between Being and Nothingness! Witold
Gombrowicsz, Transatlantic.
Two novels. Adam Buenosayres and Macunaíma . Two heroes. Two different routes: one neighborhood and one national. Is the search-in the past of a space untainted by immigration and modernity. Today we might speak of imperialism and the germs of decay that we have discovered and removed from our lands and brains. The national struggle and the liberation of peoples. The past must be used to open the future, make sure to give hope and density.
Is to the city, where one should look to build a culture American? San Pablo is the city chosen by Mario de Andrade. Until then, the artistic zeal sought to outline the figure of nationalism and had no result. Follow universal trends was not enough for anyone to say "abrasileirado brasileiro." Contemplation and adornment not kill hunger, "essa fome da Patria, devouring you kidding porca filhos own." (Jornal do Comercio , 24/05/1925. Reprinted in Neroaldo Pontes de Azevedo, Modernism and Regionalism -Os Anos 20 em Pernambuco. )
Before arriving, Macunaíma leave your conscience on the island of Marapatá. I reproduce a note of Gilda de Mello e Souza, in the edition English: "It is said that at the time of extraction of rubber in Amazonia, the explorers who penetrated into the bush before you leave, let your conscience on the island of Marapatá since releasing it felt more comfortable to get rich. " (Mario de Andrade, Macunaíma , Caracas, Biblioteca Ayacucho, 1979.)
The escort of imperial parrot turns and heads off to kill. Industrial landscape and white women, "filhinhas da cassava. The hero, paragraphs ago, had changed the color of their skin, magic water that washes your prietura. Desire and playfulness. When he returns to his hometown, Macunaíma, will long for "fuck" São Paulo, "sacanagem happy." Promiscuous space penetrates the crowd and the nameless mass. Abundance and saturated objects, faces, images. "Machines." All are machines. Cocoa is no longer the traditional currency. Both "conto contec arame milreis boron Tostao duzentorréis" both "selos, cubic-de-coruja massuni bolada limestone and pataracos GIMBRE siridó bicha, produces laziness. "Ter blunderbuss, ele, heroic." Narrowness of sensitivity and automation-or-n. Disturbed intelligence. It is in this same chapter of arrival in the city of San Pablo Morrocotudo where the first death occurs the hero. Prostitutes
gossip foreign language. What talk! Among the crew, an anti-student gives a speech. Well, Che! There are rows and Austrian Bulgarian Polish immigrants pigs are dressed in the uniform of order, without being highly respected. The whistle. To Macunaíma, a firearm and alcohol experiences. Another beer. There
said then, by letter, to Icamiaba, customs and fashions are imported from Europe. Imitation virus unnecessary. That "Puit" from here, that "Puit" there. Buy this great bargain. Beware of concubinage with a Lusitanian, lose favor with diosa. Dos lenguas: el Brasilero y el portugués hablado written diagnostican la libertad and lack of identidad. Del author la voice: "The day that we are children of our land well, humanity will be enriched over an expression that I think is very hot: the Brazilian." De la mano
Leopoldo Marechal, pasamos a la Reina del Plata ". "The Buenos Aires con los ojos interprets it as there was built to be seen. Y ahí el power of fascination that ejerce: it inhibits targeting la ciudad del la facultad reasoning y uno en Niége said the hypnotic state. " (E. Martínez Estrada, "Las ciudades different," La cabeza de Goliath . )
Buenosayres Adam wakes up in Buenos Aires, "the city-nation" (E. Martínez Estrada, "Argiropolis" plain x-ray), according to the abovementioned thinker. The songs and verses dissolve the screams of the "ear of men" who are disputing the possession of the day and the earth. Multiple languages \u200b\u200bin windows scales, Russian, Galician, Turkish. Creek meandering through the death at the slaughterhouse and the southern factory chimneys with gray sky. For the port, the foreign invasion. Note the metaphor used by the narrator, a figure that refers to rural areas to talk about the city. The ear of men as a result of the city, on the one hand, and the most-hanging as a police force of the Rosas era, if we follow this line of association, recalls several passages of Amalia where the streets of the city were besieged by the murderers of the Restorer . Buenos Aires
dies of vulgarity. If you live there, you can be the victim of mediocre and pollution. Shakes the protagonist to "the cold reality of a no-fly." Gallinaceous elevation. Samuel Tesler said: "The dog that eats its cubs to grow."
Adam is expelled from Paradise. Has died. The poet-creator died in the prologue. Adam, the uprooted perfection, say Cortázar. Ago, traces of dreams, is the child of a rural life, idyllic homeland from the start. The intellectual project is a double recovery: the Creole tradition, cornered by the city, which survives in the countryside and the traditions of European descent. When the astrologer
Schultze Cacodelphia blaming the boatman of a Galician bus driver, having forgotten the dignity he had in his village in Galicia, having exchanged their securities for a rude mimicry, we are not surprised: "podabas your vineyard, your pig matabas , sang carols professed your mother and your grandparents' wisdom. " And then? Metamorphosis a braggart's hair and neckerchief. The "bravery criolla" Martin Fierro has been evolving since the malevolent.
Later, the heroes find a lawyer, the son of a shoemaker. Typical history of tango ("Giuseppe, the shoemaker," sung by Carlitos Gardel), the son conceals the father denies his lineage, even though his father was backbreaking and pay for their studies and, as doctor, delivered to the bourgeois class . "And they forgot their table of values \u200b\u200bfor that easy way of life that taught the country. And the work of corruption began in the parents was completed in children: the children learned to laugh at his parents emigrated, and to ignore or hide their genealogy. Argentines are now, not rooted in anything. "
Not only will this hellish lifestyle, "a treacherous urban threatened to engulf their networks in the purest tradition of Argentina," confounds, but blurs the national identity. The colors of the standard mix their pigments. Hear poets, the deep claim! ... "The sadness of clay called a soul."
bard solution. "Out there, men lived under the tyranny of things. His behavior was determined in detail by the mandates of the material, by money, by the tools of their profession and the laws of all judicious custom and convention. But in the library I felt safe from the snares of matter, isolated from the dangers of today, there, where a bearded old man, a survivor of another time, furiously playing romantic music. "Aldous Huxley," The Library "Limbo .
And, of course, in the office of minstrel there is a pressing need: to be understood at all times. Has historically been "the urgency of renewing the repertoire inherited, making the speech of everyday uses vulgar enter more and more recreational prose." An election is rather a hunch. "The minstrels, not by choice but collective proprietorship, in vague and instinctive effort (...), threw keys to the art of the clergy, the continuation of a learned Latin tradition, extremely impoverished, and allowing driving of vulgar taste who should attend without fail, they created a new popular tradition in Romance language of medieval new towns. "(Ramón Menéndez Pidal," The minstrels and the origins of English literature ", in: Francisco Rico and Alan Deyermond, History and Criticism of English Literature ). This leads me to think about instances of reception of both novels and incomprehension of many contemporary intellectuals. Unclassifiable books unfinished, fragmented.
I can not think of texts not cannibals Oswald de Andrade. Manifestos that call a language "without archaic" or "scholarship" and that feed on millions of mistakes and errors of speech. And not surprisingly, when enumerating modernist aesthetic elements to be used, along with the freedom to create, highlight the recovery of the unconscious, of the everyday and the mechanical. Because "in the everyday, which goes to the vulgar, are the popular and revolutionary. Lurk in the unconscious primitive, native, geographically and quake. " (Oswald de Andrade, cannibals Writings .) Recall the modernist affiliation Mario de Andrade and his initial path, little by little, it was diverting its north.
militant nationalism. A performance art. "We jumped com to art." Gilda de Mello e Souza, "O eo Tupi Alauda" analyzes the composition plane Macunaíma in analogy to the creative process of Brazilian popular music. Based on playgrounds where the songs come together spontaneously, improvising the singer reaches a hybrid part. In each iteration move one or more items and still be recognizable face of its constitution. By combining mnemonics, which includes fault responses to variations unconscious-masked, transformed, distorted and adapted text and melody. Applied writing supports the subversion of the linguistic material in the novel. And also, using tricks and phrases devoid of fixed-stereotypical sense of the language. Recall that collects Macunaíma scribble-as a child dreamed of bad words as well as the giant stones. Those words "ugly" are considered material things that work as an instrument of struggle. (Eneida Maria de Souza, "A magical pedra do speeches", in: Mario de Andrade, Macunaíma , critical edition, Tele Porto Ancona Lopez, Coordinator, Fondo de Cultura Economica.)
A pre-realism, a wild counterculture, goes to the indigenous oral narrative or archaic popular, Alfredo Bosi, "situação of Macunaíma." The result is a chronological and geographical mess, with persecutions in the style of cartoons. From Itamaracá to Guajará Mirim through Paraná, back comes the puppy Xaréu. The old Ceiuci Mendoza pursues you to French Guiana, without stopping. Borren political boundaries that divide America!
were told in clear girondezco martinfierristas ( Martin Fierro. No. 4 of 15 May 1924): "We are in the presence of a new sensibility and a new understanding." The first definition of these young people were reacting to a cultural situation that routinely judged and outdated. Central features of the magazine were the ease and irreverence with which they considered art criticism, festive tone that appeared surrounded literary activity, the virulence of the controversy, the search for a Creole tradition that combined national European aesthetic.
So the "reader rough" should be proud, he is a "fair Buenos Aires." Retaining loyalty and legitimate tradition. The field, as a space not yet contaminated by migration and modernity, is the reservoir of a national past earthbound, rooted in the lineage or in the possession and knowledge of ancestors. Because "when you present nothing suggests we have no future and color before our eyes, is direct them to good the past, yes, there where so easy to rebuild the beautiful island of joy and buried!". The rural area where things become, perhaps, to have a primary value, sprouted "fresh from the hands of his Creator."
confidence is a promotion for beauty. Drink from the source of tradition and exalt the soul. The dignity simple, in the noble work. It is the nobility of the poem's original tamer of horses, wise to the extent of their loyalty, "as tuning a guitar." Civilization and barbarism. The famous "i" of Sarmiento that connects the poles. The dilemma of the generation of 37 almost a century later. Marechal
can not trace footprints patrician who, although a little fabulous-Borges rescues of their ancestors. His tone is in charge of the bazaar that inherits the culture of Buenos Aires and resolves opposite ends joining, juxtaposing, overlapping. In the sacred mud grows the deadly hemlock leaf to chew on Socrates in the suburbs. Criollismo and slang, Homer and Catholicism.
And the question by the Argentine real ... an enigma of nationalism. If it is not country, this is a factory ... "England is the enemy!", Said the pony Bernini. "The Argentine, by nature, was and should be a sober man, as it was and still is our countryman, as they were and are immigrants who have given being to most of us. But what happened? That the foreigner has embarked on a mystical sensuality and joyful life, inventing a thousand needs that we had to sell, of course! The gadgets of industry and rescue the gold with which we pay our raw material.
Macunaíma claimed the need to assume an American peculiarity, developing one's potential, challenged by the European civilization: "Patience, hands! Nao! Nao nao vou to Europe. American Sou e meu site é na America. A de-certo civilizaçao européia inteireza esculhamba to do Nosso catatonic "(ch. XII). As soon moved away from San Pablo, Macunaíma, unable to find his own, left on the island of Marapatá, "dum hit a Hispanic-American consciousness," proving to be a hero not quite Brazilian. And reaffirms that the Brazilians share parameters with the rest of America. The same sun gilds us all.
This look-inclusive-to the region is impossible to find in Adam Buenosayres. I think an ideal biography of the poet of Villa Crespo: childhood and experiences of rural life, a long bond with the land and tradition, the knot of a heroic race, insightful knowledge and contagious as laughter grandfather Sebastian. The world disappear neighborhood and home, and could add matero decentito unhappy. Does not hide the need to restore European roots.
A Catholic frame structures the novel and does not allow a more aware of other cultures of Argentina, especially those developed by indigenous peoples (even though it appears a connection to the earth as a source of life). Still less to other parts of Latin America. When we speak of the Indians, Echeverría and Mansilla will support the scholarship. Appellant attended the Indian literary topic of the raid, the captive, the ranqueles. Shultz named, by chance encounter and ethyl - "yapay" - with the chief Paleocurá to Incas and Aztecs, but referring alleged roots our origin to the Atlantis, Critias, Plato. The narrator takes the word "our aboriginal descendants of those northern lights, or better yet, of large defect that the easement or the war had moved south and then had fallen into barbarism, (...) Schultz was released this and other species returned to become the world's surf ; "(emphasis added.)
A fold excluding inward integration possibilities. Head, the womb of the motherland. It is time for the "Neo-Creole." Poetry and metaphysics. A Latin American body theft. The Amazon rainforest is in the heart of Brazil. Until then trace resistance proud breasts, kicking walls, stepping boundaries. The "heru" going down "debaixo do jump da Felicidade", then take "a estrada dos Prazeres "up to" Meu Bem layer that we Chart hills of Venezuela, where Ci commands matreros assaults. Account
Gilberto Freyre, with the Indian, the formation of the Brazilian family, there was a harmonious hybridity. (Gilberto Freyre, "The Indian in the formation of the Brazilian family" Casa Grande e Senzala .) Changed the uniform pattern of European Catholic model. Ciata Aunt Was it one of his Macumba. The ancient archetype was influenced by the magic and mystique, totemism and fetishism, taboos. (And the Brazilian modernists seek to transform the taboo into totem.) "Va-mo sa-ra-va!” La “Casa Grande” amplió el horizonte brasilero, fue heterogénea la colonización y la familia gozó de plasticidad social. Uno aprende a caminar la selva y la jerga de las aves. (Y los modernistas brasileros se engullen al enemigo sacro.) No así es considerada la “casa grande” de las pampas por Martínez Estrada. Una casa de las afueras. Casa mala, sin ruido, pensamientos reprimidos, casa tabú. Silencio. Porque el campo puede ser también un espacio hostil, de telúricas maldiciones, de sequías rabiosas, y hay que salir a cuerear cadáveres con tío Francisco. Y así también curte su ser, el estoico resero.
Apertura de un lado y cierre de other: historical processes are different. In Argentina, we know the aboriginal extermination in the south. "Campaign of the Desert" he said, as if there were no people, communities, life. Although a single vanishing point to the natural purity and pure nature and the complaint or the certainty of a city that kills, it obliterates the spiritual autonomy. With regard to education, "Creole nationalism in the Americas were, for many decades, weak, decentralized and efficient rather modest in their educational ambitions." (B. Anderson) A call, a new voice. On the side of Macunaíma , the indigenous voice, censored, deleted, inaudible in its original form, appropriate and poorly transmitted by the conquerors. This silence of the defeated, survive in a parrot.
Macunaíma failed to harmonize the two cultures: Uraricoera, where he came from and progress, where he occasionally. When he returned he was late, the ranch had become shack. Neither rain nor city, he concludes, both cause sadness. Exile in his land, only remains a cosmic exile. The epilogue part of history and fable gives character. The poet prefers the language translator to rediscover the song. That song might sing wandering the Brazilian people in their quest for an identity as plural and so indefinite. The exploits of a hero antinormativo pointing to a future world might be more open. And echo spreads: LATIN AMERICA STATES OR DOMINATED.
Gustavo Calandra
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